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Robert Allan Caro (born October 30, 1935) is an American journalist and author known for his celebrated biographies of United States political figures Robert Moses and Lyndon B. Johnson. After working for many years as a reporter, Caro wrote ''The Power Broker'' (1974), a biography of New York urban planner Robert Moses, which was chosen by the Modern Library as one of the hundred greatest nonfiction books of the twentieth century.〔(100 Best Nonfiction ) —Modern Library〕 He has since written four of a planned five volumes of ''The Years of Lyndon Johnson'' (1982, 1990, 2002, 2012), a biography of the former president. For his biographies, he has won two Pulitzer Prizes in Biography, the National Book Award, the Francis Parkman Prize (awarded by the Society of American Historians to the book that "best exemplifies the union of the historian and the artist"), two National Book Critics Circle Awards, the H.L. Mencken Award, the Carr P. Collins Award from the Texas Institute of Letters, the D.B. Hardeman Prize, and a Gold Medal in Biography from the American Academy of Arts and Letters. ==Life and career== Caro (pronounced "Care-oh") was born in New York City, the son of Cele (née Mendelow) and Benjamin Caro. He "grew up on Central Park West at 94th Street. His father, a businessman, spoke Yiddish as well as English, but he didn’t speak either very often. He was 'very silent,' Caro said, and became more so after Caro's mother died, after a long illness, when he () was 12." It was his mother's deathbed wish that he should go to the Horace Mann School, an exclusive private school in the Riverdale section of The Bronx. As a student there, Caro translated an edition of his school newspaper into Russian and mailed 10,000 copies to students in the USSR. He graduated in 1953.〔(The HM Record Online (Russian copy) )〕 He went on to Princeton University, where he majored in English. He became managing editor of ''The Daily Princetonian'', second to R.W. Apple, Jr., later a prominent editor at ''The New York Times''.〔McGrath, Charles, ("Robert Caro’s Big Dig" ), ''The New York Times'', April 12, 2012 (April 15 ''Magazine''); web p. 3 (bio), web p. 6 (sources), & various. Retrieved 2012-04-15.〕 His writings, both in class and out, had been lengthy since his years at Horace Mann. A short story he wrote for ''The Princeton Tiger'', the school's humor magazine, took up almost an entire issue. His senior thesis on existentialism in Hemingway was so long, Caro claims, that the university's English department subsequently established a maximum length for senior theses by its students. He graduated in 1957.〔 According to a 2012 ''New York Times Magazine'' profile, "Caro said he now thinks that Princeton, which he chose because of its parties, was one of his mistakes, and that he should have gone to Harvard. Princeton in the mid-1950s was hardly known for being hospitable towards the Jewish community, and though Caro says he did not personally suffer from anti-Semitism, he saw plenty of students who did." He had a sports column in the ''Princetonian'' and also wrote for the ''Princeton Tiger'' humor magazine.〔 He was a Carnegie Fellow at Columbia University and a Nieman Fellow at Harvard University. Caro began his professional career as a reporter with the ''New Brunswick Daily Home News'' (now merged into the ''Home News Tribune'') in New Jersey. He took a brief leave to work for the Middlesex County Democratic Party as a publicist. He left politics after an incident where he was accompanying the party chair to polling places on election day. A police officer reported to the party chair that some African-Americans Caro saw being loaded into a police van, under arrest, were poll watchers who "had been giving them some trouble." Caro left politics right there. "I still think about it," he recalled in the 2012 ''Times Magazine'' profile. "It wasn't the roughness of the police that made such an impression. It was the—meekness isn't the right word—the acceptance of those people of what was happening."〔 From there he went on to six years as an investigative reporter with the Long Island newspaper ''Newsday''. One of the articles he wrote was a long series about why a proposed bridge across Long Island Sound from Rye to Oyster Bay, championed by Robert Moses, would have been inadvisable, requiring piers so large it would disrupt tidal flows in the sound, among other problems. Caro believed that his work had influenced even the state's powerful governor Nelson Rockefeller to reconsider the idea, until he saw the state's Assembly vote overwhelmingly to pass a preliminary measure for the bridge.〔 "That was one of the transformational moments of my life," Caro said years later. It led him to think about Moses for the first time. "I got in the car and drove home to Long Island, and I kept thinking to myself: 'Everything you've been doing is baloney. You've been writing under the belief that power in a democracy comes from the ballot box. But here's a guy who has never been elected to anything, who has enough power to turn the entire state around, and you don't have the slightest idea how he got it.'"〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Robert Caro」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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